Key message
The mechanisms restricting viral entry into the CNS via the olfactory route were unclear. We showed in this study that upon viral entry in the CNS microglia form an innate immune barrier. Formation of this barrier is regulated via intercellular communication within the olfactory bulb (OB) among neurons, astrocytes. Formation of this microglial barrier is essential to restrict the spread of the virus into the CNS.
Translational perspective
This study shows that therapeutic treatments for viral encephalitis should be directed towards neurons and astrocytes to modulate the intercellular communication in the CNS.